@article {994,
	title = {Multiple sclerosis: Magnetization transfer histogram analysis of segmented normal-appearing white matter},
	journal = {RADIOLOGY},
	volume = {216},
	year = {2000},
	note = {UT: 000088430800008ScopusID: 0033894599},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {351 - 355},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate and characterize the global distributionof magnetization transfer (MT) ratio values of normal-appearing 
white matter (NAWM) in patients with relapsing-remitting 
multiple sclerosis (MS) and test the hypothesis that the MT 
histogram for NAWM reflects disease progression. MATERIALS AND 
METHODS: Conventional and MT magnetic resonance (MR) images were 
obtained in 23 patients and 25 healthy volunteers. Clinical 
tests for comparison with the MT histogram parameters included 
the Extended Disability Status Scale and the ambulation index. 
Lesion load calculated with T2-weighted MR images and whole-
brain and white matter volumes were measured. RESULTS: The 
location of the MT histogram peak and the mean MT ratio for NAWM 
were significantly lower in patients with MS than in control 
subjects. In longitudinal studies, the histogram peak location 
and mean MT ratio shifted in the direction of normal values as 
the duration of disease increased. A mean of 26.5\% of the volume 
of new lesions identified on the later studies were demonstrated 
to have originated in NAWM corresponding to "lost" pixels on the 
histogram. CONCLUSION: MT histogram analysis of NAWM, including 
longitudinal analysis, may provide new prognostic information 
regarding lesion formation and increase understanding of the 
course of the disease.
},
	isbn = {0033-8419},
	author = {Isabelle Catalaa and Robert J Grossman and Dennis L Kolson and Jayaram K Udupa and L{\'a}szl{\'o} G{\'a}bor Ny{\'u}l and Lougang Wei and Xuan Zhang and Marcia Polansky and Lois J Mannon and Joseph C McGowan}
}
@article {995,
	title = {New variants of a method of MRI scale standardization},
	journal = {IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2000},
	note = {UT: 000086614000007ScopusID: 0033624997doi: 10.1109/42.836373},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {143 - 150},
	abstract = {One of the major drawbacks of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)has been the lack of a standard and quantifiable interpretation 
of image intensities. Unlike in other modalities, such as X-ray 
computerized tomography, MR images taken for the same patient on 
the same scanner at different times may appear different from 
each other due to a variety of scanner-dependent variations and, 
therefore, the absolute intensity values do not have a fixed 
meaning. We have devised a two-step method wherein all images 
(independent of patients and the specific brand of the MR 
scanner used) can be transformed in such a way that for the same 
protocol and body region, in the transformed images similar 
intensities will have similar tissue meaning. Standardized 
images can be displayed with fixed windows without the need of 
per-case adjustment. More importantly, extraction of 
quantitative information about healthy organs or about 
abnormalities can be considerably simplified. This paper 
introduces and compares new variants of this standardizing 
method that can help to overcome some of the problems with the 
original method.
},
	isbn = {0278-0062},
	author = {L{\'a}szl{\'o} G{\'a}bor Ny{\'u}l and Jayaram K Udupa and Xuan Zhang}
}
@booklet {1072,
	title = {Magnetization Transfer Histogram Analysis of Segmented Normal- Appearing White Matter in Multiple Sclerosis},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999///},
	author = {Isabelle Catalaa and Robert J Grossman and Jayaram K Udupa and L{\'a}szl{\'o} G{\'a}bor Ny{\'u}l and Dennis L Kolson and Lougang Wei and Xuan Zhang and Marcia Polansky and Lois J Mannon and Joseph C McGowan}
}
@booklet {1070,
	title = {New Variants of a Method of MRI Scale Standardization},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999///},
	author = {L{\'a}szl{\'o} G{\'a}bor Ny{\'u}l and Jayaram K Udupa and Xuan Zhang}
}
